Imagine meeting
a man who traveled to your town from a far country after his nation was
destroyed by a war. All the records of civil ceremonies had been wiped out. In
talking with this gentleman, you ask if he has a wife. He answers, "I don't
know if I am currently married, but I know that I'm a bachelor!"
You'd
probably look at them with more than a bit of confusion. "How can that be?" you
ask.
He replies, "Well, I may or may not have gone through a marriage
ceremony in my home country. However, there's no way to tell, since all the
records are destroyed. However, you don't see me with a wife now, I like to date
a lot, and I don't want to answer to a wife or have to check in every night.
Therefore, I've chosen to be a bachelor, but I may be married, too."
"But
you don't understand," you reply. "The very concept of being a bachelor
precludes you from being married. You are either married or you aren't,
regardless of what records exist. Therefore, if you don't know whether you're
married, then you don't know whether you're a bachelor. Conversely, if you know
that you're a bachelor, you then know that you aren't married. "
He replies,
"No, I am a bachelor who is open to the fact that I may also be married."
You try to persist. "The word 'bachelor' refers to whether or not you have
committed to another person in marriage. That either happened or it didn't.
Claiming that you may be a married bachelor is just as absurd as saying you may
have found a triangle with only two sides! I can tell you right now that such a
triangle doesn't exist and neither does a married bachelor. Your standing
regarding marriage defines whether or not you're a bachelor."
Defining
Theism, Atheism, Agnosticism
While the above conversation seems farcical, I
have been running into a similar issue recently with people who describe
themselves as "agnostic atheists." As a Christian, I describe myself as a
theist. A theist is someone who believes in God. There are many types of
theists (Jews, Muslims, Deists, etc.) They all fall within the category of
someone who holds that God exists. Being a theist doesn't mean the person can
argue for or even prove that God exists; it simply defines the fact that they
believe God exists.
On the other end of the spectrum are atheists. The word
means "One who denies or disbelieves the existence of a God" and, according to
the Oxford English Dictionary, came from combining the word theist (belief in
God) with the negative prefix "a-" meaning without. So,
"without " + "belief in God" = atheist. Simple, right?
But there is a third
term that can be used to describe ones relation to a belief in God, and that's
the word "agnostic." That word derives from the same "a-" (without) but the
second word is
gnosis, which is a Greek word for knowledge. So an agnostic means
someone who is without knowledge on a topic or issue. If you don't know whether
there's a God (or perhaps you don't care), you would be considered an agnostic.
Because the word agnostic simply means one who doesn't know, it is used in
contexts other than God's existence. For example, as a hockey fan, I am agnostic
towards which teams will play in the Super Bowl this year. I am not rooting for
one over another, and I don't have any knowledge as to which ones stand the
better chance. If my wife asks whether she should buy chicken sausage or turkey
sausage at the store, I would tell her "it doesn't matter at all; I'm agnostic
on that issue." However, if I have even a slight leaning towards one choice over
the other, then I am no longer agnostic. My indifference is gone and I do have a
belief, albeit a small one.
Thus the Oxford English Dictionary's primary
definition of agnosticism reads, "A person who believes that nothing is known or
can be known of immaterial things, especially of the existence or nature of God.
Distinguished from atheist."
Notice that even the OED
states that the term agnostic is to distinguish lack of knowledge as to whether
God exist as opposed to atheist which says one disbelieves in God's existence.
While I don't believe the OED is the end authority on this matter, philosophers
have been
using
these terms in a similar way for many years as well. (The irony here is that
Huxley coined the term agnostic by borrowing from Paul's speech about God in
Acts 17:23).
So as more and more atheists describe
themselves as "agnostic atheists," they are simply trying to claim too much. Each of these terms describes a single state of belief: whether one believes in God, one doesn't believe in God, or one simply doesn't
know whether God exists. It doesn't matter whether you can prove His existence
or if you even care to. To be agnostic is to make a claim that distinguishes one
from an atheist. It is just as incoherent to claim to be an agnostic atheist as
it is to be a married bachelor or finding a two-sided triangle. Such contradictions
don't demonstrate a value for rationalism but quite the reverse.
References